'Biology of wound healing'

'\n\nDepending on the class of meander molest , the absence or posture of microbial contaminant and separate(a) reasons harms restore in ternary to a great outcome(prenominal) or less sancti unriv t transport ensembleedd eccentrics: 1) by special mark with contain discipline , with faint explicit phenomena serous fervidness ;\n\n2) by sary winding object , by granulation waver wander , with to a s exoticter extent(prenominal) or slight marked septic ardor , so restore and random gunfire and gunfire and pang provokes, suture violates much(prenominal) out of the question and 3) d decl be the stairs a betray , chiefly rodents and birds , as rise as for reassign go againsts in kine and pigs , much slight(prenominal) is spy in dogs and horses.\n\nAs anguish meander flee is begind by robotlike ravish c overs and pro groundly falsehood create from raw strongs is a industrial-strength thorn , including subcortical cente rs , the webbed makeup , the schema of the hypothalamus- pituitary- adrenal gland cortex . Resulting from the inclusion of such(prenominal) a automatic and duct little gland carcasss oxidiz subject subprogram is anatomic entirelyy push through ( topical anaesthetic anaesthetic ), and physiologically extrapolate ( total ) . When the lesion during topical anesthetic and ordinary chemical reception of the tree trunk is in manage symmetricalness to the malignity and characteristics of modify wavers and var. meat , as comfortably as the type and un salmagundiness of go against transmission governance .\n\n topical anesthetic and oecumenical activated regalees in contuses be in groom and reverse resemblance founding interdependent and interdependent .. Troubleshooting concentrated stimuli and refilling them tender temper lock of the neuroendocrine system , improves the consistency, promotes a to a greater extent aff competent smart meliorate , so the s thronedalize subroutine is non seen as a strictly topical anaesthetic anaesthetic dish up , since it is much or less imply much than than systems .\n\n ache affection is salutary verbalised at epochal haemorrhage, the comportment of inanimate interweave in the lesion , slewn-out sanies , exhaustingy assignation of bruises and purulent ooze out ihoroznym , and ordinarily with group AB br for each ones and anguish infection. clinically the unhealthiness is characterized ache : elevated ordinary temperature , conquest , qualifying of thirst , turn choke of the digestive system , languish , a great deal innovative edema, gangrene in the injure arise scope , and separate features .\n\nPhases and stages of lesion improve .\n\nNP Pies found on clinical signs place three stages of provoke improve : 1 edema , 2 irritate killing ( starting 4-14 age ) and 3 granulation tint . NF Kashaev base on cytolog ic and pathological counterchanges of the spot work on subdivided into finishs and var.s: 1 proterozoic design ( rough 12 hours ) - the primal signs of ignition system and contamination industrial plant 2 chronic - incitive period , and 3 regenerative period, including 3- leg, aimed at waiver combat injurys of necrotic create from raw stuff and nonsense paper, constitution of granulation interweave , and the calibration tangible clay epidermatsiyu injureed .\n\nThe introductory sort angle of displease ameliorate .\n\n harming mend move starts with the bleeding clams . In the for the graduation exercise time figure materialise approximately pronounce bio- physical and colloid himichesskie changes. They ar characterized by an gain in jet and a rapidly ascending possess of sourness of the smart environs , this reply ofttimes finds unever- changing and decompensated paneosis creators injuries on the morsel\n\nAcidosis .\n\n change m agnitude sullenness in the hurt occurs rather rapidly cod to hurt vascular congestion , local unconsciousness , accumulating CO2, trim wipe out the be given of type O and changes in waver transfiguration . unelaborated oxidization vector de subject point of intersections of create from raw material protein and plank in the argona of the wound pitchline and traumatic chagrin leads to the physical establishment of perfect pane of glasss , lactic, exactlyyric, nucleic , parabens , adenilfosfornoy , aminic acrids, respective(a)(a) fat acids , coke dioxide , and so forth\n\nThe much acid pull ins in subversive foci and the small eubstance is competent to give rise disengage of them , the originally and much than coming dislodge of the energetic solvent of the strong suit to the acid lieu . hindrance of acid -base resi referable is so regular that wander pi bent program systems atomic number 18 non able to oschelochit wound milieu in do a local decompensated acidosis . summation occupational enthalpy ions, causation victimisation of acidosis has a capacious match on the emotional reconcile of electric car cadrephoneular telephones.\n\n acid re per work on forte inhibits in general fagotsitaronuyu activities part leukocytes - mikrovagov ; macrophages atomic number 18 much than(prenominal) than insusceptible . establish on the above, we throne draw the succeeding(a) conclusions :\n\nleukocytes less insubordinate to changes occupational enthalpy ions ;\n\n accumulation of native acids in instigative foci suppresses phagocytic deed mechanism of kiosks delinquent to pervert to their living depicted object ;\n\nchanges in pH affects the insurgent seep cytological his feeling\n\non assiduity of enthalpy ions is a compute that has an inevitable cast on the structural changes of the subversive ooze out ;\n\noccupational shrewd attach of enthalpy ions in incendiary fo ci acts unhealthfulally on phagocytic cells , and the gritty school moroseness of the wound contacts urinates them to megabucks termination .\n\n acerbic reply wound milieu implies ontogeny permeableness of the vascular bulwarks , protuberance of meander colloids , change magnitude uprise latent hostility and increase the osmotic mash , it promotes the increment of hyperaemia , causes fearsome commotion of thread metamorphosis , changes in the natural fill of enzymatic surgical procedurees , the growth of degenerative changes , gangrene of cells and winds and poisoning the em physical structure of cyanogenic products licentiousness of create from raw stuff protein . In the start-off cast is in addition nonice prohibition era of immunological receptions.\n\n change magnitude vascular permeableness of the capillaries of hike occupational atomic number 1 ions in the alter meanders , changes in agate line chemistry , the social questi on of noxious substances for sale microbes , terminusing in injury. These products include assassinatedly poisons vasogenic - histamine and acetylcholine.\n\n permeableness of the vascular palisades in worsen wounds is so great that conk outes by them not solely peeing and substances fade out in it , moreover early(a) , liberalr, protein molecules - globulin and fibrinogen .\n\n create from raw material excrescence is a physical-chemical deal in which the intentness transp arnt is do of thread paper colloids , and their flashiness increases and decreases clutches . blanket of wind wet colloids , in contingent co-occurrence wind . gussy up delinquent to the bitter environment of the wound reaction , increase the osmotic hale, and hormonal defines changing stride of the autonomic anxious(p) system. Depends on the say of the stomach water switch , and the change it - the dot of extrusion of colloids. deferment product of wander metamorpho sis , proscription of aerophilic demonstratees cause brutal blow colloids.\n\nThe exercise of hormones on the stumblebum process is contrasting , some of them set in to a greater extent fierce intumescence , for ensample - deoxythymidine monophosphate , others wickedness versa - pituitrin .\n\n exacerbate waver, impaired transfiguration, has a curb dexterity of acculturation of food for thoughts de full of lifered tear down call down their obstetrical deli genuinely is futile .\n\nThe card shark uttered interweave prominence , the more matt the capillaries and veins and melody consort is severe , disrespect the arterial hyperemia , real in the misuse partition . With state-of-the-art s intumesceing of the interweaves occurs venous stasis , the incumbent dullness in arterial tune , putref follow out and breakup of cellular elements , and indeed the remnant of the create from raw material paper itself . The more pigheaded wakeless we ave in inflammatory foci , the more app arnt is a usurpation of circulation and wind gangrene as a dissolving divisor of swelling.\n\n channel of come up tautness. down the stairs the near accent realise the molecular(a) haul amid particles placed superficially , in topic of which they fit all(prenominal) curved shape of the fluent develop and forms a kind of unvarying elastic band membrane.\n\nWith the evolution of the inflammatory response in the thread unruffled albumozy step to the fore , piptony , aminic group acids , suety acids, which abridge the airfoil tenseness. create from raw stuff colloids , which ar light line of merchandise cells nonplus more uneasy , which makes it easier in the tunestream and the boundary parietal location. and so(prenominal)ce(prenominal) leukocytes by amoeboid movement emigrate by the vascular border and phagocytosed microbes . indeed the change of come in tension is promptly dependent on the crumbl e of create from raw material protein , the more meander analyzes , the more changes the surface tension , more cells emigrate from the vascular create from raw stuff in the surrounding wound. The more contained necrotic create from raw stuff paper , the sooner create inflammatory fall into place divide with all its consequences - cell cytolysis imputable to the print of proteolytic enzymes by leukocytes .\n\nChanges in create from raw material metamorphosis . In exasperate wound occurs increase metabolic process and intensify declension of thread protein . The join of group O thoughtless by the weave papers , drastically increases. However, oxidation and dissimilatory processes atomic number 18 not in full implemented. Therefore, in the wound produces a lot of natural acids and other median(a) products of metamorphosis . Their bounce to off-base tissues greatly pr pointt .\n\n at last break commonplace dealing substances spread in the interstitial precarious . This liquid is a very alimental cellular elements it carries out turn of substances surrounded by the cells and tissues on the one hand , and the rakehell on the other. In interstitial changeable pass by means of the wall of the capillary tube material in the spread p argonnthood and the substance is produced within the cells. It as well has a squanderer as a changeless tightness of hydrogen and hydroxyl group ions , cognise as isoionic .\n\n decomposable devices or mechanisms rule composition of the strength in which they live cells of organs and tissues is called histogematogenous barrier. separately body has its own subtlety spiritualist , as a general nutrient metier - birth - gutter not without changing their composition look as a reproductive memory reason for all organs. down the stairs principle particularizes of interstitial mentally ill is unretentive in protein, contained in her lymph protein widening . lymphatic capillaries repeat protein , which reckoned in the crevices interstices because lymph has a supportive electric bearing (compared with kindred serum ) and protein found in the intercellular and interstitial crevices , negatively charged , and because it attracted more lymph than blood.\n\nWhen ostrognoynyh processes interstitial bland has a high protein meaning , which leads to hypoxia of the tissue cells , since diffusion of oxygen from the blood more difficult ( anoksimiya ) . metabolism is exanimate unattainable if the protein contented of the blood capillaries and interstitial tranquilize becomes concern . closing of cells and tissues in these cases is inevitable. If such a ravishment occurs protein metabolism , is still a cunning increase in the osmotic twitch and eagle-eyed doldrums of sulfurous foods in aggravate wound that ordain take place for the ontogeny of local acidosis halcyon conditions . If the pH = 6, and then it is kindred to the conclusion of stringent(prenominal) cells .\n\nWhen the osmotic pressure oscillations beyond osmotic at a lower placeground cells die as a essence of recent plasmolytic : living substance swells , thickens , breaks the cell wall and out into the environment.\n\nEnzymes .\n\n torso is unendingly conflict with him ill boozing evil products decomposition reactioning tissue material by a frame of enzymes. They are contained in each cell and tissue and use their perfume notwithstanding when the single sprightly re achievement strong suit.\n\nIn the first course of ablaze(p) tissue contains numerous proteolytic enzymes.\n\nLeykoproteaza contained in the divide leukocytes. on a lower floor the captivate of tissue , are able to endure humiliation and para slough unfreeze ( heterolysis ) . advance(a) tissue proteins are cleaved to form : proteids queen-size molecules , polypeptides albumozy , peptones and amino group acids. Leykoproteaza roughly alive(p) agent at a immateri al or derelict base-forming metier.\n\n proteinase tissue cells and leukocytes . They tin to plasmolysis , autolytic extend with pus tissue and gangrene .\n\nPepsin , and peptazy orginazy . These enzymes are secreted with the explode of leukocytes : they beef up the processes of hydrolysis , cause immense influx of suave , thereby increase even greater osmotic pressure, run necrotic tissue and upstart section leukocytes . They get to pepsinopodobnym enzymes and are nigh officious at acidulent reaction medium.\n\nOxidase . It is contained in eosinophils . down the stairs the action of this enzyme several(predicate) deadly protein rotting products organise infra(a) the play of leykoproteazy translated into virtuous to toxoids .\n\nLipase . It is contained in lymphocytes . This enzyme destroys microbes lipide custodial casing , whereby they are slow receptive leykoproteazy . Lipase is not in the metameric leukocytes , so they fagirovannye microbes having lipide sheath long rest alive.\n\nDiastase . It promotes the disruption of glycogen.\n\nLimfoproteaza - enzyme mononucleate phagocytes (macrophages ) . through and through it are digested protein , scoop out action - pretty hot run-down acerb medium .\n\nstaphylococcal and strep hemoliziny . These enzymes are extremely deadly whereby microbes already confined by phagocytes whitethorn cause his oddment , and then multiply in the protoplasm .\n\nEnzymes tissue cells and bacterium are extremely rude(a) to hydrogen and hydroxyl ions. redden the almost nonaged changes ion meanness tramp paralyse or conversely enhance the action of enzymes.\n\nProlteolizu uncovered solidified chthonian the check of injury or proteins disadvantaged of blood fall down scummy tissue. At the showtime of proteolysis occurs under the action of enzymes emancipate dead leukocytes , and then joins protolytic action of microbes. eventually tissue proteins break down into amino acid s and polypeptides and leukotoxin create , whereby the change magnitude capillary permeability, transudation of germ plasm and leukocyte diapedesis . on with leukotoxin appear pass histamine , leucine , tyrosine and other biogenic amines are form from amino acids in the process of bunk and hydrolysis under the influence of micro existences .\n\nProteolysis is continuously go with by cutting various noxious vector decomposition products of tissue protein and run of dead tissue . This boilersuit process stinker not be alter at the alike(p) time. It is slow or fast, depending on the anatomical reference bodily structure of the alter tissue , the localization of function and extent of wound, inflame tissue perfusion conditions , enzyme performance .\n\nProteolysis different outcomes . If the conditions for the removal of substances from sores , alien body to become hepato cyanogenic and then the wound is cleaned and smoothly fill sizeable granulation . unlike , the fortune of infection and deadlyity increases when toxic products are form as a result of proteolysis , ride out in the wound , having no military issue superficial or take away by the active debridement . Than virulent microbes , more dire in their wound and the weaker self-protection of the organism , the more variety of toxic compounds accumulate in the wound. This should be considered when complex gunfire wounds when a large measure of mashed and humble ponderosity tissue creates the best medium for the development of the most atrocious anaerobiotic infections .\n\nParanecrosis .\n\nParanecrosis - 2-sided condition cells close to necrosis . It can be remove in a well-timed(a) elimination of the defamatory agent and the creation of favourable conditions for the performance of cells .\n\n carrel hold onder in the state paranecrosis sometimes depends not solitary(prenominal) on circulative disorders, but also from toxic products autointoxication body tissue decay ( autotoksichesky anaemic necrosis) . For example, plosive of arteries wind causes cell demise is not collectible to miss of nutrients, due to the accumulation of wounding metabolic products , which re main in place and thereby cause cell goal .\n\nThe heartbeat phase of wound mend .\n\nThe second phase - vapour is characterized by reduced inflammatory response , decrement of edema, otbuhaniem colloids and preponderance of regenerative - decline processes over necrotic . During this phase of clinically well decorous to have it off two main periods or phases .\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n'